Overview of Major Global Dry Bulk Shipping Routes and Related Ports 全球干散货主要航线及港口图鉴

The Dry Bulk Shipping Witnesses Significant Market Share

干散货航运市场份额巨大

The maritime market has become an indispensable part of international trade thanks to the deepening of globalization. The maritime market includes various sectors such as container shipping, oil tanker shipping, and dry bulk shipping. Among these, the dry bulk market stands out for its ability to transport a diverse range of goods and for representing the largest market share in the maritime industry. In 2022, the dry bulk market accounted for over 57% of the total market share.

随着全球化的深入发展，海运市场已经成为国际贸易中不可或缺的组成部分。海运市场包括集装箱、油轮、干散货等多个分支市场，相对于其他海运分支市场，干散货市场可以运输的货物种类更加多样，且整个海运市场中干散货市场一直占据着最大的市场份额，据贸发会议处统计，2022年干散货市场份额超过了57%。

By December 2023, the global dry bulk shipping market had reached a fleet size of 13,557 ships, with a cumulative deadweight tonnage of 100.3 million tons. This fleet stands as the largest in the global shipping industry, holding 45% of the total shipping capacity, and is an integral part of the logistics chain of international trade. Dry bulk cargo ships are categorized by tonnage and sailing areas. In this context, E-PORTS provides an overview of the different types of dry bulk ships, the primary shipping routes, and the major ports involved in global dry bulk shipping.

截至2023年年底，全球干散货运输市场船队规模达到13557艘，共计10.03亿载重吨，散货船队是迄今为止全球船队中最大的船队，按载重吨计算占船队总运力的45%，是国际贸易物流的重要组成部分。运输干散货的船舶按照吨位和航行区域分类有不同的类型，本期E-PORTS为大家介绍一下关于不同类型的散货船的全球干散货的主要航线及其全球主要的干散货港口。

Dry Bulk Shipping Routes for Different Vessel Types

不同船型的干散货航线图鉴

1.Handy Bulk Carrier

1.【灵便型散货船】

Handy bulk carriers, with a deadweight of 10,000 to 40,000 tons, include built-in cranes and cargo handling devices. The relatively small deadweight ensures a shallow draught. These features allow them to navigate ports with shallower draught and unfavourable conditions with ease and flexibility, thereby being referred to as “handy”.

灵便型散货船，载重在1-4万吨。配有起重机和装卸设备。由于配有装卸设备，同时载重小，吃水比较浅，所以能适应水深较浅、条件比较差的港口，营运方便灵活，适应性强，所以被称之为灵便型。

1.Skaw-Passero trip to Rio de Janeiro-Recalada

2.Skaw-Passero trip to Boston-Galveston

3.Rio de Janeiro-Recalada trip to Skaw-Passero

4.US Gulf trip via US Gulf or north coast South America to Skaw-Passero

5.South East Asia trip to Singapore-Japan

6.North China-South Korea-Japan trip to North China-South Korea-Japan

7.North China-South Korea-Japan trip to South East Asia

1.西北欧至里约热内卢-雷卡拉达的航线

2.西北欧至波士顿-加尔维斯顿的航线

3.里约热内卢-雷卡拉达至西北欧的航线

4.美湾经南美北部海岸至西北欧的航线

5.亚洲东南部至新加坡-日本的航线

6.中国北部-韩国-日本的往返航线

7.中国北部-韩国-日本去往亚洲东南部的航线

2.Supramax Bulk Carrier

2.【超灵便型】/大灵便型

Dry bulk carriers, known as the "Plus" version of Handy bulk carriers, have a deadweight tonnage of 40,000 to 60,000 tons. With a longer length (up to 200 meters) and a deeper draught (up to 12 meters), they can transport more cargo. Due to their size, they cannot dock at smaller ports or navigate the Saint Lawrence Seaway, but they can pass through both the Panama and Suez Canals.

超灵便型/大灵便型散货船，载重在4-6万吨。灵便型船的Plus版，它可以运载更多的货物并且更长（长达200米），吃水更深（可达12米）。虽无法在较小的港口停靠或安全地航行圣劳伦斯海道，但仍可以通过巴拿马和苏伊士运河。

1. Canakkale trip via Med or Bl Sea to China-South Korea

2. US Gulf trip to China-south Japan

3. North China one Australian or Pacific round voyage

4. North China trip to West Africa

5. US Gulf trip to Skaw-Passero

6. Skaw-Passero trip to the US Gulf

7. West Africa trip via east coast South America to north China

8. South China trip via Indonesia to east coast India

9. West Africa trip via east coast South America to Skaw-Passero

10. South China trip via Indonesia to south China

1. 恰纳卡莱港经地中海中国-韩国的往返航线

2. 美湾地区至中国、日本南部航线

3. 中国北部经澳大利亚的往返太平洋航线

4. 中国北部至西非航线

5. 美湾至西北欧航线

6. 西北欧至美国海湾地区航线

7. 美西海岸经美东至中国北部的航线

8. 中国南部经印度尼西亚至印度东海岸的航线

9. 非洲西海岸经南美洲东海岸至西北欧航线

10. 中国南部经印度尼西亚至中国南部的航线

3.Panamax Bulk Carrier

3.【巴拿马型散货船】

Ranging from 40,000 to 60,000 tons in deadweight, the Panamax bulk carriers, an upgraded version of the Handy bulk carrier, are designed to transport larger volumes of cargo with a longer hull length of 200 meters and a deeper draught of 12 meters. Given their size, they are not suitable for smaller ports or safe passage through the St. Lawrence Seaway, but they can transit the Panama and Suez canals.

巴拿马型散货船，载重在4-6万吨。灵便型船的Plus版，它可以运载更多的货物并且更长（长达200米），吃水更深（可达12米）。虽无法在较小的港口停靠或安全地航行圣劳伦斯海道，但仍可以通过巴拿马和苏伊士运河。

1. Skaw-Gib transatlantic round voyage

2. Skaw-Gib trip HK-S Korea incl Taiwan

3. HK-S Korea incl Taiwan 1 Pacific round voyage

4. HK-S Korea incl Taiwan trip to Skaw-Gib

5. Dely Spore round voyage via Atlantic

6. South China to Indonesian round voyage

7. Mississippi river to Qingdao

8. Santos to Qingdao

1. 西北欧跨大西洋往返航线

2. 西北欧至香港、韩国、台湾的航线

3. 香港至韩国、台湾 的太平洋往返航线

4. 香港至韩国、台湾的西北欧航线

5. 新加坡出发大西洋往返航线

6. 中国南部、印度尼西亚往返航线

7. 密西西比河到青岛航线

8. 桑托斯到青岛航线

4.Capesize Ship

4.【好望角型散货船】

The Capesize ship, also known as a Cape, is a type of bulk carrier that can navigate the waters around the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America. The Capesize ships refer to vessels with a deadweight capacity between 80,000 and 175,000 tons. However, ships exceeding 175,000 tons can still be classified under this category.

好望角型散货船，也叫海岬型船。是指在远洋航行中可以通过好望角或者南美洲大陆最南端(合恩角)的干散货船。好望角型并不是一种非常明确的分级，一般的好望角型干货船载重为80,000-175,000吨之间，但实际上超过175,000吨的干货船也归为好望角型。

1. Tubarao to RotterdamTubarao to Qingdao

2. West Australia to Qingdao

3. Bolivar to Rotterdam

4. Gibraltar/Hamburg transatlantic round voyage

5. The Continent/Mediterranean trip to China-Japan

6. China-Japan trans pacific round voyage

7. China-Brazil round voyage

8. Saldanha Bay to Qingdao

1. 图巴朗到鹿特丹航线

2. 图巴朗到青岛航线

3. 澳大利亚西部到青岛航线

4. 玻利瓦尔到鹿特丹航线

5. 直布罗陀/汉堡往返大西洋航线

6. 欧洲大陆/地中海至中国-日本的航线

7. 中国-日本往返太平洋航线

8. 中国-巴西

Major Global Dry Bulk Ports

全球主要干散货运输港口

Dry bulk commodities are generally categorized into major and minor bulks. Major dry bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and grains, account for nearly two-thirds of global dry bulk trade while minor bulks, such as steel products, sugar, and cement, make up the remaining third.

干散货商品通常分为两大类：大宗散货和小宗散货。主要干散货商品的一些例子包括铁矿石、煤炭和谷物。这些主要散货占全球干散货贸易的近三分之二。小宗散货包括钢铁产品、糖、水泥，占全球干散货贸易的其余三分之一。

Globally, coal and iron ore are leading dry bulk commodities, with significant imports by India, China, and Japan for energy and electricity. Grains, a crucial commodity, also make up a substantial portion of the total global dry bulk maritime trade.

煤炭和铁矿石是世界上交易量最大的干散货商品之一。为满足一次能源和电力需求而进口煤炭最多的国家是印度、中国和日本。就海运干散货贸易而言，谷物是另一种主要货物，占全球干散货贸易总量的很大一部分。

Major Global Dry Bulk Ports

全球主要干散货运输港口

Western Australia: Dampier, Port Hedland, Adelaide

Brazil: Tubarão, Santos, Paranaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador

Indonesia: Cigading, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan, Bintulu

Philippines: Cebu, Manila, Davao

India: Mumbai, Chennai, Visakhapatnam

Bangladesh:Chittagong

South Africa: Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Richards Bay

Angola:Luanda

Togo: Lomé

Mozambique: Maputo, Beira

Gabon: Owendo, Libreville

Cameroon: Douala

Nigeria: Lagos

Ivory Coast:Abidjan

Senegal: Dakar

Morocco: Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar

Algeria: Oran, Algiers, Bejaia

Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam

Singapore: Singapore

Belgium: Antwerp, Bruges

United States: Houston, Los Angeles, South Louisiana, Long Beach, Corpus Christi

（Not all ports are listed.）

澳大利亚西岸：DAMPIER, PORT HEDLAND, ADELAIDE

巴西：TUBARAO, SANTOS, PARANAGUA, RIO DE JENNIRO, SALVADOR

印尼：CIGADING, BALIKPAPAN, SAMARINDA, TARAKAN, BINTULU

菲律宾：CEBU, MANILA, DAVOR

印度：MUMBAI, CHENNAI, VISAKHAPATNAM

孟加拉：CHITTAGONG

南非：PORT ELIZABETH, CAPE TOWN, RICHARD BAY

安哥拉：LUANDA

多哥：LOME

莫桑比克：MAPUTO, BEILA

加蓬：OWENDO, LIBRIVILLE

喀麦隆：DOUALA

尼日利亚：LAGOS

科特迪瓦：ABIDJAN

塞内加尔：DAKAR

摩洛哥：CASABLANCA, JORF LASFAR

阿尔及利亚：OLAN, ALGIERS, BEIJAIA

荷兰：AMSTERDAM, ROTTERDAM

新加坡：Singapore

比利时：Antwerp Bruges

美国：Houston, Los Angeles, South Louisiana, Long Beach, Corpus Christi

（仅列举部分港口）

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