Breaking News! Methanol Tank Explosion at Iranian Port, Causing 3 Deaths 突发！伊朗港口甲醇罐爆炸 已造成3人死亡

Breaking News! Methanol Tank Explosion at Iranian Port, Causing 3 Deaths

突发！伊朗港口甲醇罐爆炸 已造成3人死亡

According to the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA): A fire erupted at a methanol storage tank in Bushehr Port, southern Iran, on June 11th, resulting in at least 3 deaths and 10 injuries.

Hassan Mousavi, head of the Bushehr Province Emergency Medical Center, told the state news agency that the fire broke out around 11:00 AM local time at a methanol tank within the facility. Mousavi stated that the injured have been taken to hospitals for treatment. He also warned that the death toll could rise further due to the severity of the fire.

据伊朗伊斯兰共和国通讯社（IRNA）：6月11日，伊朗南部布什尔港的甲醇储存罐发生火灾，已造成至少3人死亡，10人受伤。

布什尔省急救中心负责人哈桑·穆萨维向伊朗国家通讯社透露，火灾发生于当地时间上午11点左右，起火点为厂区内的一个甲醇储罐。穆萨维表示，伤者已被送往医院救治。他同时警告，由于火势严重，伤亡人数可能进一步上升。

图源网络

Global methanol distribution exhibits distinct regional characteristics, primarily concentrated in areas rich in raw materials and with lower production costs. Due to the large-scale commissioning of methanol production facilities in Iran and Europe/America, global methanol production capacity has experienced rapid growth. Benefiting from abundant natural gas resources, Iran's methanol production capacity has surged in recent years. In 2020, Iran became the world's second-largest methanol producer and a significant methanol exporter, playing a crucial role in the global methanol market.

China is highly dependent on Iranian methanol. For example, in 2024, according to data from the General Administration of Customs, China's total methanol imports reached 13.4944 million tons. The Middle East accounted for a high proportion of this, approximately 76.2%, primarily contributed by core importers like Iran and Saudi Arabia. About 60% of China's methanol imports originated from Iran. Therefore, if this accident leads to a suspension of operations at Bushehr Port or upgraded safety inspections – referencing the handling of the Bandar Abbas port incident this April – it could exacerbate regional methanol logistics tensions, potentially driving up methanol prices in China.

全球甲醇分布具有明显的地域特征，主要集中在原料丰富且成本较低的地区。由于伊朗和欧美甲醇生产设施的大规模投产，全球甲醇产能经历了快速增长的阶段。得益于丰富的天然气资源，伊朗产能近年来快速攀升，2020 年成为世界第二大甲醇生产国，同时也是重要的甲醇出口国家，其甲醇出口情况在全球甲醇市场中占据重要地位。

我国对伊朗甲醇又是非常依赖的，以2024年为例，根据国家海关总署的数据，我国甲醇2024年全年总进口达1349.44万吨，其中，中东体量占比较高约76.2%，主要由伊朗、沙特等核心进口国贡献，其中约60%来自伊朗地区。所以，若该事故引发布什尔港运作暂停或安全检查升级，可以参考今年4月阿巴斯港事故后的处理，可能会加剧区域甲醇物流紧张，从而推高我国甲醇价格。

图源网络

Improper storage or transportation of hazardous chemicals at ports can easily lead to severe consequences. It is understood that methanol has a flash point of only 11.1°C (52°F), is highly volatile, toxic, and can form flammable vapor clouds on decks if leaked, making it extremely prone to causing violent fires and explosions.

The inherent properties of hazardous materials like methanol dictate extremely stringent safety requirements during storage and transportation. Negligence or errors in any single link could trigger catastrophic consequences, resulting in irreparable loss of life and property.

港口危化品一旦储存或运输不当极易引发严重后果，据了解，甲醇闪点仅为11.1 ℃，挥发性强，毒性大，发生渗漏后将在甲板形成可燃气体蒸汽，极易引起剧烈的火灾爆炸。

像甲醇这类的危险品的特性决定了其在存放和运输过程中对安全条件有着极为严苛的要求，任何一个环节的疏忽或失误，都有可能引发灾难性的后果，造成不可挽回的生命财产损失。

Previously, on April 26th, an explosion at Shahid Rajaee Port in Bandar Abbas City, southern Iran, killed 40 people and injured thousands. Iranian government spokesman Ali Bahadori Jahromi stated that it was confirmed the explosion occurred in "containers stored at the port, possibly containing chemicals."

On June 27, 2022, at the Port of Aqaba in southern Jordan, a chlorine gas storage tank fell during lifting operations, resulting in 14 deaths and 265 injuries. Investigations revealed the tank's weight exceeded the port handling equipment's capacity by more than three times, causing a load-bearing component to fracture, leading to the tank's fall and chlorine leak.

On August 4, 2020, in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon, a warehouse storing a large quantity of ammonium nitrate exploded violently. The accident caused over 234 deaths and more than 6,500 injuries. The seismic waves generated by the blast were equivalent to a 3.3-magnitude earthquake. Approximately 300,000 people were displaced, and economic losses reached $10-15 billion. Investigations found that sparks generated during welding work in the warehouse ignited flammable materials inside, which subsequently ignited some explosive materials stored there (such as fireworks), causing the detonation of about 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate.

此前4月26日，伊朗南部阿巴斯港市沙希德拉贾伊港口发生爆炸已致40人死亡、上千人受伤。伊朗政府发言人穆哈杰拉尼表示目前可以确定的是发生爆炸的是“存放在港口的、可能装有化学品的集装箱”。

2022年6月27日，约旦南部的亚喀巴港口，一个氯气储气罐在吊运过程中发生坠落事故，导致14人死亡、265人受伤。经调查，氯气储气罐的重量已超过港口装卸设备承载量的3倍以上，承重部件断裂导致氯气储气罐坠落泄漏。

2020年8月4日，黎巴嫩贝鲁特港，一储存大量硝酸铵的仓库发生剧烈爆炸，事故造成超过234人死亡、6500多人受伤，爆炸产生的地震波强度相当于3.3级地震，约30万人流离失所，经济损失达100亿～150亿美元。经调查，仓库焊接作业过程中产生的火花点燃了仓库内的易燃物，继而引燃了部分库内的易爆品（烟花爆竹等），导致堆放在仓库内的约2750吨硝酸铵发生爆炸。

Hazard Sources

Open Flames: Open flames are strictly prohibited in chemical production. Open flames typically reach temperatures above 700-800°C (1292-1472°F), while some chemical materials can react or ignite at temperatures as low as 100-200°C (212-392°F), potentially triggering fires.

Impact: Sometimes, even the energy from a slight impact may be sufficient to initiate oxidation reactions in highly sensitive chemical materials.

Friction: Friction can generate both static electricity and heat, both of which are unacceptable for many chemical materials.

Heat Energy: Since chemical substances are sensitive to heat, besides open flames, conducted heat or focused heat can also cause violent reactions in materials.

Static Electricity: Chemical products are prone to generating static electricity during production, transportation, and storage. Despite the short discharge duration, the high potential difference of static electricity makes it significantly hazardous.

High Pressure: Many chemical production processes involve reactions occurring under high pressure or high heat. High heat inevitably generates high pressure. Excessive pressure can cause materials to react too violently, potentially leading to explosions or fires.

危险源

1.【明火】化工生产严禁明火。明火的温度一般都在七八百摄氏度以上，而化学物品中一些物料只要有一二百度就可以发生化学反应或被引燃着火，引发火灾。

2.【撞击】有时可能是轻微撞击产生的能量，也足以引发一些敏感度较高的化学物料的氧化反应。

3.【摩擦】摩擦既能产生静电，也会产生热量，这两点对很多化学物料来讲都是不可接受的。

4.【热能】因为化学物品对热的反应敏感，所以除明火外，传导热、聚焦热也能引起物料剧烈反应。

5.【静电】化工产品在生产、运输、贮存中都容易产生静电，而由于静电的电位差高，虽放电时间短瞬，但危害性仍然较大。

6.【高压】化学生产中有许多是反应过程，在高压下发生反应，或在高热下发生反应。高热必然产生高压，压力过高，会导致物料的过激反应，甚至导致爆炸、燃烧。

Bushehr Port's Key Role in the Methanol Supply Chain

Geographic and Economic Hub Status

Located in the central Persian Gulf, just 120 kilometers from the Strait of Hormuz, Bushehr Port is Iran's most important energy export hub in the south. The port handles the primary export of Iranian oil, natural gas, and chemical products (including methanol). It is currently undergoing expansion of its terminal facilities to increase cargo capacity.

The port is approximately 7km from an airport with regular flights. It experiences a temperate continental climate with prevailing northwesterly winds. The average annual temperature ranges from 19°C to 30°C (66°F to 86°F), with recorded highs of 43°C (109°F) and lows around 5°C (41°F). Average annual rainfall is about 250mm. Tidal range: high tide 1.5m, low tide 0.2m.

布什尔港在甲醇产业链中的关键角色

地理与经济枢纽地位

布什尔港位于波斯湾中部，距霍尔木兹海峡仅120公里，是伊朗南部最重要的能源出口枢纽。该港口承担伊朗石油、天然气及化工品（含甲醇）的主要出口任务，正扩建码头设施以提升货运容量。

港口距机场约7km，有定期航班。该港属温带大陆性气候，盛行西北风。年平均气温19～30℃。最高曾达43℃，最低约5℃。全年平均降雨量约250mm。平均潮高：高潮1.5m，低潮0.2m。

Port Infrastructure

Bushehr Port is one of Iran's three major methanol export terminals (the others being Kish Island and Assaluyeh). Even after Kish Island added 3.3 million tons/year capacity in 2023, Bushehr still holds a significant share of Iran's total exports. The port is directly connected to domestic methanol plants, meaning the fire incident could directly impact loading and shipping efficiency.

The port area has 3 main berths with a total quay length of 540m and a depth of up to 10m. Handling equipment includes various shore cranes, forklifts, and tugboats. The maximum lifting capacity of the shore cranes is 50 tons, and tugboats have a power of 882kW. The port can accommodate 10,000 DWT vessels. Main export commodities include carpets, cotton, almonds, and rubber. Major imports include wool tops, tea, sugar, copper, pharmaceuticals, glass, and vegetables.

港口基础设施

布什尔港是伊朗三大甲醇出口码头之一（另两个为Kish Island和Assaluyeh）。2023年Kish Island新增330万吨/年产能后，布什尔仍占伊朗总出口量的重要份额。该港直接连接本土甲醇装置，火灾事故可能直接影响装运效率。

港区主要码头泊位有3个，岸线长540m，水深达10m。装卸设备有各种岸吊、铲车及拖船等，其中岸吊最大起重能力达50吨，拖船功率为882kW。港区可靠万吨级船舶。本港主要出口货物为地毯、棉花、杏仁及橡胶等，进口货物主要有毛条、茶叶、糖、铜、药品、玻璃及蔬菜等。

Functional Zoning (Based on port layout map)

功能区划（据港口规划图）

Negin Complex: Under-construction container terminal (Negin Container Terminal)

Specialized Terminals: Mineral export terminal, liquid bulk terminal, multi-purpose terminal.

Auxiliary Facilities: Administrative area, ship repair yard, freshwater supply station (no fuel bunkering).

Negin综合体：在建集装箱码头（Negin Container Terminal）

图源网络

专业码头：矿物出口终端、液体散装终端、多功能终端。

辅助设施：行政区域、修船厂、淡水供应站（无燃料补给）。

Safety is paramount! How much cost are we still willing to pay for "safety"? Safety is never the price of development; it is the bottom line for survival. This bottom line demands the strictest standards to be upheld at every single link. Hazardous material transportation, as a critical link in the chemical industry chain, has safety implications concerning life and property, social stability, and ecological environmental protection. The urgency and importance of safety management in hazardous material transportation are immense, with many aspects still requiring improvement.

航行千万条，安全第一条！究竟还愿为“安全”支付多少成本？安全，从来不是发展的代价，而是生存的底线。 这条底线，需要每一个环节用最严苛的标准去守护。危险品运输作为化工产业链的关键一环，其安全性关乎生命财产、社会稳定与生态环境保护。危险品运输安全管理的紧迫性与重要性，还有诸多环节亟待完善。