Port congestion overview

拥堵情况简介

巴西港口拥堵预警

全球物流巨头首席执行官马里奥·维拉尔多（Mario Veraldo）近日发出警告，巴西港口系统已陷入全面危机，成为制约农产品出口的关键瓶颈。该国落后的港口基础设施正对咖啡、大豆等核心出口产业链造成持续性冲击。

维拉尔多指出，巴西港口已处于超负荷运转状态：“设备陈旧、维护缺失与长期投资不足形成恶性循环，当前局面已不可持续。”数据显示，2024年巴西基建投资仅占GDP的2.2%，远低于未来三十年所需4.3%的投资基准线。

2025 年 3 月，因物流瓶颈，巴西有超 60 万袋咖啡（约 1932 个集装箱）未能发货，损失约 157 万美元。自 2024 年 6 月起，主要咖啡出口港低效运作，新增成本达 1172万美元 。据发布的《零滞留公告》显示，2025 年 3 月，巴西主要港口55%的船舶出现延误或船期变更，平均集装箱停留时间超 40 小时，部分如桑托斯港甚至长达 10 天。

Brazil Port Congestion Alert 

Global logistics giant’s CEO, Mario Veraldo, recently warned that Brazil’s port system is in complete crisis, becoming a key bottleneck for agricultural exports. The country’s backward port infrastructure is continuously impacting core export industries like coffee and soybeans.

 Veraldo noted that Brazilian ports are operating beyond capacity: “Old equipment, lack of maintenance, and long-term under-investment create a vicious cycle. The current situation is unsustainable.” In 2024, Brazil’s infrastructure investment was only 2.2% of GDP, much lower than the 4.3% benchmark needed for the next three decades.

In March 2025, due to logistical bottlenecks, over 600,000 bags of coffee (about 1932 containers) in Brazil couldn’t be shipped, with losses of approximately $1.57 million. Since June 2024, inefficient operations at major coffee export ports have added $11.72 million in costs. According to the DTZ, in March 2025, 55% of vessels at major Brazilian ports experienced delays or schedule changes, with average container dwell times exceeding 40 hours. At some ports like Santos, it even reached 10 days.

中美关税缓和 上海、宁波等港口开始出现塞港

在中美达成90天关税协议后，东向跨太平洋航线货运需求激增，正对中国主要港口造成压力。港口拥堵与设备短缺已成为制约运力的关键瓶颈，预计未来几周情况将进一步恶化。为了满足向美国市场紧急补货的需求，承运商正将船只从亚欧航线调往跨太平洋航线，导致亚洲出发港运力紧张。

据统计，华东和华北港口当前平均延误时间为3至7天，预计六月将有更多船只转向美线，进一步挤压本就吃紧的港口资源。上海港作为最大枢纽首当其冲，托运人和货运代理已开始将部分货物转移至宁波港。但后者也迅速出现设备紧张与泊位等待，陷入“次级拥堵”。

不仅中国沿海主要港口出现延误，新加坡、韩国釜山、越南胡志明市、菲律宾马尼拉、马来西亚巴生港等亚洲枢纽港也出现连锁反应，部分码头利用率已达90%。

China-US Tariff Easing Causes Port Congestion in Shanghai, Ningbo, and More 

After the China-US 90-day tariff agreement, freight demand on the east - bound trans - Pacific route surged, putting pressure on major Chinese ports. Port congestion and equipment shortages have become key constraints on shipping capacity, and the situation is expected to worsen in the coming weeks. To meet the urgent restocking demands of the US market, carriers are shifting vessels from the Asia-Europe route to the trans - Pacific route, causing tight capacity at Asian departure ports.

Currently, average delays at East China and North China ports are 3 - 7 days. More vessels are expected to shift to US - bound routes in June, further squeezing already strained port resources. Shanghai Port, as the largest hub, is hit first. Shippers and freight forwarders have started moving some cargo to Ningbo Port. However, the latter quickly faces equipment tightness and berth waiting, falling into “secondary congestion.”

 Not only do major coastal ports in China experience delays, but also Asian hub ports like Singapore, Busan in South Korea, Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, Manila in the Philippines, and Port Klang in Malaysia have chain reactions, with some terminals operating at 90% capacity.

Major railway disruptions to impact freight services across Italy

Rail operations across key intermodal routes in Italy are set to face significant disruptions due to scheduled maintenance and construction works.

These interruptions will affect services to and from major ports, creating reduced capacity, rerouted trains, and complete suspensions on certain lines.

According to local operators, the disruptions will impact the following lines:

• The Taranto–Metaponto line remains closed until 31 May, and trains will be rerouted via the Tyrrhenian line with diminished capacity. All trains to/from Gioia Tauro—Bologna have been rerouted via the Tyrrhenian line.

• A full closure of the Bologna–Padova railway line from 7 June to 9 June will further limit freight operations. These closures are expected to result in extended travel times and a strain on existing railway systems.

• The Milan–Trieste line will be fully suspended on several dates, including 21 and 28 July and 4 and 11 August.

• The San Ferdinando terminal will halt operations completely from 25 July at 23:30 to 27 July at 11:00. Freight operations in Genova Voltri will also experience nightly traffic suspensions from 27 May to 3 June, adding to delays and bottlenecks.、

• From1June to 20 July and from 30 August to 28 September, the Milan–Genoa line will be interrupted by a single track. Train circulation to/from all Genoa ports will be limited to daytime only, resulting in reduced capacity.

• In addition, a full closure from 21 July to 29 August will halt all train traffic to Genoa ports, adding to the closure of the Polcevera junction from 2 to 31 August.

• Significant restrictions are also expected due to the Segrate rail terminal closure from 9 to 24 August. Trains will be rerouted via Brescia and Rivalta Scrivia for La Spezia operations and via Pordenone for Trieste routes.

• June 1 – September 28: Extraordinary maintenance on the Po River Bridge will cause early/late departures and train rerouting on alternative routes along the Milan/Genoa line.

• Finally, from 29 September to 14 December, the Bologna–Prato line will undergo works, reducing the weekly frequency of trains via Padua, Marzaglia, and Pontremolese lines.

This reduction is anticipated to significantly disrupt freight services to and from the ports of Genoa, La Spezia and Livorno, with limited capacity available for rerouted operations.

(Note: The above times are all local time. Please refer to the operator's real-time notification for specific changes.)

意大利多线路施工致港口货运受限

受铁路维护及施工影响，意大利多条核心多式联运线路将面临阶段性中断，主要港口货运服务运力下降，部分路线需绕行或暂停。具体安排如下：

• 当前及近期中断
• 塔兰托-梅塔蓬托线（Taranto–Metapontoline）

关闭至5月31日，列车改道第勒尼安线，运力缩减；所有焦亚陶罗-博洛尼亚列车同步改道。

• 博洛尼亚-帕多瓦线（Bologna–Padovarailway line ）

6月7日至9日全线封闭，货运时效延长，铁路系统承压。

• 米兰-的里雅斯特线（Milan–Triesteline）

7月21日、28日及8月4日、11日全线停运。

• 圣费迪南多站（San Ferdinando terminal ）

7月25日23:30至27日11:00完全停运。

• 热那亚沃尔蒂站：5月27日至6月3日夜间货运暂停，加剧延误。
• 中长期调整计划
• 米兰-热那亚线（Milan–Genoa line）

单轨运行时段：

第一阶段：6月1日-7月20日

第二阶段：8月30日-9月28日

热那亚港进出列车仅限日间通行，运力下降。

7月21日-8月29日：热那亚港铁路全封闭；8月2日-31日：波尔切韦拉枢纽同步关闭。

• 塞格拉特枢纽（Segrate）

8月9日-24日关闭，影响拉斯佩齐亚和的里雅斯特方向货运：

• 波河大桥特殊维护（Po River Bridge ）

6月1日-9月28日实施，米兰/热那亚线列车可能延误或绕行。

• 博洛尼亚-普拉托线（Bologna–Prato line）

9月29日-12月14日施工，经帕多瓦、马尔扎利亚及蓬特雷莫利线的周班次减少。上述调整将显著冲击热那亚、拉斯佩齐亚及里窝那港的货运服务，替代路线运力有限，建议相关方提前规划物流方案，预留缓冲时间。

（注：以上时间均为当地时间，具体变动请以运营商实时通知为准。）